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Arts
and entertainment in India have a rich and ancient
history. Right from ancient times there has been a
synthesis of indigenous and foreign influences that
have shaped the course of the arts of India, and consequently,
the rest of Asia. Arts refer to paintings, architecture,
literature, music, dance, languages and cinema.
In early India, most of the arts were derived Vedic
influences. After the birth of contemporary Hinduism,
Jainism and Buddhism, arts flourished under the patronage
of kings and emperors. The coming of Islam spawned
a whole new era of Indian architecture and art. Finally
the British brought their own Gothic and Roman influences
and fused it with the Indian style.
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Indian architecture encompasses a wide variety of geographically
and historically spread structures, and was transformed by
the history of the Indian subcontinent. The result is an evolving
range of architectural production that, although it is difficult
to identify a single representative style, none the less retains
a certain amount of continuity across history. The diversity
of Indian culture is represented in its architecture. It is
a blend of ancient and varied native traditions, with building
types, forms and technologies from West and Central Asia,
as well as Europe.
Studies of Indian architecture normally begin with the
Indus Valley Civilisation, moving through the late Vedic
period, the Maurya-Gupta age of Buddhist monuments, monasteries
and Indian rock-cut architecture, followed by the great
temple-building of the medieval era. Turk and Afghan rulers
in the north in medieval times brought with them West Asian
traditions of the arch, the dome and the vault. The rise
of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century established a sophisticated
synthesis of Indian regional elements with ideas from Persia
and West Asia, a pan-Indian style that was adopted across
the subcontinent even by post-Mughal rulers and recognised
today as Mughal architecture. The subsequent European colonization
of India paved the way for the entry of styles from that
continent, including Mannerist, Baroque, Neo-Classical and
Neo-Gothic styles, which were followed in the late 19th
century by the hybrid Indo-European style called the Indo-Saracenic.
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